Human ingenuity reaches new dizzying heights

Could it be that the building of record breaking Skyscrapers could be used as a tool to predict the onset of economic downturn?

The answer according to economist Andrew Lawrence, research director at Dresdner Kleinwort Wasserstein, is quite possibly, Yes!

Back in Jan 1999 Lawrence put forward a concept which he called The Skyscraper Index.

He suggested that Skyscraper construction seemed to have a direct correlation to business cycles. Many skyscrapers over the past century seemed to have been constructed on the eve of economic downturns, at the end of a business cycle when economic growth had been exhausted. It wasn’t that they caused the downturn, just that they were a predictor of it.

Andrew Lawrence linked this phenomenon to economic factors which seemed to progress through a boom and peak at the end of the boom cycle. These factors were overinvestment, speculation and monetary expansion.

A decline in interest rates at the beginning of a boom has at least three effects which contribute to skyscraper construction. Firstly it drives land prices higher, hence the attractiveness of constructing a tall building with a small footprint and thereby increasing vertical density. Secondly, declining interest rates allow an increase in the average size of a company, creating demand for more office space. Thirdly, low interest rates provide investment to construction technologies that enable developers to break earlier records. All three factors peak at the end of the growth period.

Although some critics have dismissed the index as being an unreliable tool, nevertheless it appeals to the common sense approach when we consider the above mentioned factors in relation to speculation and overinvestment during boom times.

The table below lists previous skyscrapers which were all built on the cusp of recessions, and were often completed after the booms were well and truly over.

Record breaking skyscrapers and associated crises

As for the Burj, the coming year will tell us whether Emaar will be able to add yet another accolade to its collection – that of No.1 Endorser of the Skyscraper Index.

The Burj Dubai - the latest record holder

For more on this indicator, try the following:

Skyscrapers and Business Cycles [Ludwig von Mises Institute]
Skyscraper Index [Wikipedia]



This article first published here on www.dubaipropertycrash.com

Happiness is such a vague concept, one that means so many different things to different people. In economics terms I guess one could argue that happiness is that state of being which we spend our working hours in the pursuit of. There are those lucky few who actually enjoy the work they do and who therefore derive happiness from their jobs. Yet still even those people are not totally happy. They still aim for a mythical time, somewhere in the future, when they will have no financial worries, all their reasonable desires will be purchasable, they will have leisure time, good health, an esteemed status amongst their peers, and their family around them will be in a similar state of affairs. Yes I know that is very generic, but I reckon that’s a reasonable shot at the transcendent question.

I wonder what my father’s idea of happiness was when he arrived in uk 50 years ago in search of a better life? At that time I think the majority of those desires mentioned above probably applied, but in totally different proportions to today. For one thing, the sense of family responsibility of economic migrants from Asia in those days was very high compared to today, and the happiness derived from knowing you were supporting your loved ones in the village (who mostly never turned out to be thankful) ranked high on the list. Those guys were highly altruistic. Personal comfort and possessions ranked much further down than is the case today. Even we, their children here in the uk had to keep our requirements to a bare minimum (oh the stories I could tell of scrimping and saving!!) But you know what, we didn’t know any better, and I guess we were happy. In fact we were truly happy – we at least had the love of our parents. Benjamin Franklin wrote in “Poor Richard’s Almanack” that “A child thinks that 20 pounds and 20 years can never be spent.” I remember thinking that!

For my generation (the 2nd generation british asians) reaching adulthood in the uk towards the end of the 20th century, our future desires and goals were like a carrier wave. On that carrier wave was piggy-backed the signal transmitted from the hearts of our parents. After their industrious achievements and success of paying the debt of servitude to those back home, their youth was gone, and they now made a vow to not let their children endure the same soul-destroying treadmill. Hence the rise of the doctor-lawyer-accountant-engineer army of british asians amongst whom I can be counted.

Our generation now sees happiness through the eyes of the 21st century. Our concepts put leisure and personal pleasure far higher up on that list. Family responsibility is somewhat further down (although still there). The experience of our forefathers has been diluted, perhaps even lost. What they learnt through bitter hard graft and toil is evident in the house, or in some cases houses, which they bequeath us and in the businesses they pass on to us. Their emphasis on saving can be seen in the pensions which they receive each month. Their globalised equity is evident whenever you travel back to your village or town of origin back in Pakistan/India etc and people there show you some respect (more so if you flash some cash but its there even if you don’t as long as your dad once did!).

In this way, to some degree, our parents ultimately achieved their happiness. We are still looking for ours.

With the new Great Depression upon us, we may get a chance to revert to older fashioned pathways to happiness. Ways which involve saving and working hard before ‘earning’ the right to own a house or a large car. We may find ourselves getting pleasure from more of the things that don’t cost – the walks in the park, the mountain hike, the nights in playing monopoly or watching a dvd, cooking a pizza with the kids.

The coming year will bring mixed blessings to us in the West. On the one hand we will have a toning down of our consumerist tendencies forced upon us, but on the other hand we just may realise that happiness was never about all that stuff anyway.

Wishing all our readers every happiness and success for 2009.

23rd November 2008, TK

With America in the throes of its worst slump since the 1930s and the rest of the world not far behind, Americans have been keen to latch on to any glimmer of hope they can find – Barack Obama’s recent election being a case in point. Hopes and expectations are riding high on the new president elect and a wave of optimism could be felt washing over the country during the recent elections. The public turned out in record numbers to vote, in fact it was the highest turnout since 1960, when JFK beat Richard Nixon to take over from the outgoing Dwight Eisenhower. JFK promised “to get America moving again” after claims that the Republicans had allowed America to fall behind the Soviet Union in the Cold War, militarily and economically. He managed to win the election, albeit closely, despite widespread prejudice against his Roman Catholic faith, with people fearing he would be taking orders from the Pope. A case of hope and optimism winning over prejudice and fear? We’d like to think so. In any case, some interesting parallels with Obama. No doubt in both cases, the film star personas also helped to win over the celebrity-loving US denizens.

“During the Depression, when the spirit of the people is lower than at any other time, it is a splendid thing that for just 15 cents an American can go to a movie and look at the smiling face of a baby and forget his troubles.”
-President Franklin Roosevelt

Hope and optimism also manifest in films directly during times of economic strife. The era of musicals in the 1930s, during the last Great Depression, gave rise to hits such as Gold Diggers of 1933, 42nd Street, and Footlight Parade, which all portrayed the possibility of ‘making it through’ with hard work and perseverence. The Wizard of Oz provided escapism and fascinated audiences in 1939, following Dorothy as she was whisked away from black and white Kansas to the far off and beautiful, ‘Technicolor’, Oz, yet asked that in the end the audience believe that “there’s no place like home”.

   

Film Posters: 42nd Street (1933), Footlight Parade (1933), The Wizard of Oz (1939), Star Trek (2009)

Coming up to date then, what of the next couple of years? Perhaps we should be looking forward to some spirit-lifting Hollywood movies for some years to come? The wane of the Horror slashers and Vampire Slayers then?……Perhaps.

In fact only yesterday I was watching a trailer for the new Star Trek movie, due out in May 09. As an aside, it seems there is a current fashion with film franchises of “returning to the beginning” or doing prequels, with recent examples such as the Bond and the Batman films (both superbly done in our humble opinion). And so it is with Star Trek – J.J. Abrams, the creator of LOST, is going back to the beginning and giving a new edge to Kirk and Spock (I wonder if he considered renaming it ‘Lost in Space’??) At first look it appears to be one movie worth waiting for. But I would say that, having been a bit of a Trekky in my time.

Star Trek is known for its utopian view of the future. A future where all of humanity has reconciled its differences and the entire planet is at peace. There is no hunger and no poverty. Maybe because in the Star Trek 23rd century, neither is there any longer such a thing as money! Everyone has whatever they could need, and instead we pursue higher goals such as self advancement and exploring space. So, perfect escapism from the current world, the new Great Depression of the 21st century, and the rampant warring across the globe.

A world where those pesky somali pirates are still holding on to their loot over in the Gulf of Aden, the Saudi ‘Sirius Star’ with its 25 crew and 2 million barrels of oil. They don’t want much in ransom either, only $25mill in return for the $100mill cargo. What an insane world, where pirates are still able to do roaring business. This year alone they’ve managed to attack 95 ships, hijack 39 of them and collect $50mill in ransom. Not bad work for those with serious disabilities such as one eye or a missing leg. Abu Hamza could get on to a nice earner if he got bored of the preaching.

What with the ever present Israel-Palestine issue, no end in sight in Iraq or Afghanistan and now bombings all over Pakistan, the world is about as dangerous a place as I can remember. Not that I want to do the work of the NeoCons for them, but that’s just the way it will always be while people quibble over finite commodities, whether it be land, oil, water or food.

Perhaps one day the Americans will finally colonise the moon and mars, begin asteroid mining, and manage to harness direct solar energy and beam it all around the world for free. And maybe one day the guys at CERN in Geneva will manage to capture enough antimatter and in partnership with the Russians build a stable containment system for it. And perhaps, just perhaps, some brilliant Pakistani and Indian mathematicians will do some out of the box thinking and instead of VAT fraud, they will engineer the world’s first prototype Warp Engine. Then maybe the Chinese and Japanese will do a joint venture (for a fraction of the cost and twice as fast as the Americans) to build the first Galaxy Class Space Ship, with the whole venture under the watchful eye of Richard Branson no doubt.

Will we ever really make it to that utopian 23rd Star Trek century we wonder? Well as pakistanis, indians, chinese etc. we had better be trying extra hard. As nations of the Asian subcontinent if only we could realise the futility and wastefulness of our quarrels and wars, maybe our efforts could be directed to peaceful coexistence, partnership and mutual advancement. After all, Star Trek must be proved incorrect in one way, and that is that there will indeed be a pakistani on board the Enterprise one day. You bet!

As Jamshaid steps onto the Bridge he gives his Salaam to the Crew

as jq ponders on his next car……


Speed Cameras – Big Brother’s Ever Grazing Cash Cows

23rd November 2008, JQ (co-editor)

Ever had a feeling of being watched? Well I did today as Specs3 stood still watching with his peering eyes waiting for one wrong move, my hands were stiff, my knuckles went white due to my tight steering grip, my eyes were aching due to the constant monitoring of speedometer and traffic, my right foot was trembling for fear of pushing too hard on the accelerator and getting caught by the dreaded average speed camera and I had only done about 500 meters out of a 5 mile stretch at 40mph limit! I would be over the edge any second now.

The Specs 3 gatso

Can anyone hear the climatic horror movie music when the dude is about to get it? Ching ching ching AAAAH. Well ching ching ching was the cash clocking music to the ears of the British Government and guess who gets stabbed countless times everyday? The poor British motorist that’s who!

The Association of British Drivers, which campaigns against speed cameras also made an interesting point about the Specs3 as they would make, “People put the car in cruise control and the mind in neutral. It’s so boring driving through these sections at a constant slow speed that people are going to drop off.”

Maybe I’m missing something here, but why does the UK government allow cars to be sold that are capable of achieving almost twice the 70mph speed limit which was set back in 1977 when the Ford Anglia had a stopping distance of 2 miles or so. If according to their laws no cars should ever go over 70mph why don’t they simply force the car manufacturers to install speed limiters in every new model and fit one in every existing car during the yearly MOT? The simple answer is that they don’t want to because the UK government would make less cash from the car industry & less cash from the speed fines.

Every UK driver has to go through the stringent British road test which tests the drivers to their limit. Oppressive tactics by the police like constant detection and dictation are an insult to their intelligence and road manners. The new average speed cameras known as Specs3 will appear in clusters of 50 working in a network and will monitor “every” driver’s average speed as they travel. Not only that but an ‘eye in the sky’ helicopter targeting speeding motorists in Essex at a cost of £1,000 an hour is adding misery to the once enjoyable driving.

This recent Canadian report (Review and Analysis of Posted Speed Limits and Speed Limit Setting Practices in British Columbia) has a clear view of the role of speed limits and speed enforcement.

It includes such straightforward common sense items as:
• The majority of motorists drive at a speed they consider reasonable, and safe for road, traffic, and environmental conditions. Posted limits which are set higher or lower than dictated by roadway and traffic conditions are ignored by the majority of motorists.
• The normally careful and competent actions of a reasonable person should be considered legal.
• A speed limit should be set so that the majority of motorists observe it voluntarily and enforcement can be directed to the minority of offenders.

Ready for another eye opener, this time from the Australian police! Apparently a recent survey by the Herald Sun has found that more than 70 per cent of Victorian police believe speed and red light cameras are more about revenue-raising than preserving road safety. A point every motorist [or majority of] has tried so very hard to get across.

The politicians will keep on preaching that speed cameras are there to promote safety and the high fines associated with them are just to slow people down, well this is a baseless argument because the truth about this hypocrisy is coming out. The UK Department for Transport first funded and then suppressed a study that shows a 55 percent increase in injury accidents when speed cameras are used on highway work zones and a 31 percent increase when used on freeways [or non freeways as I would like to think] without construction projects. According to the Transport Research Laboratory, the “non-works [personal injury accident] rate is significantly higher for the sites with speed cameras than the rate for sites without.” You can see the full report here.

Sher Shah Suri turns in his grave wondering why he didn't think of Speeding fines

So what should the regular Joe think about BBC Topgear now when he sees the likes of Jeremy Clarkson, Richard Hammond and James May blast their gravity busting 500bhp+ monster machines? Is this entertainment or fact based “drama”? Where are those roads where they drive at a million miles an hour without the fear of any Specs3, gatso or speed camera ever passing them by? Why is it that the average Joe is now under the £1000 an hour surveillance eye in the sky?

With modern technology there are better ways of keeping drivers to the speed limit. Unfortunately none puts money in the government’s, council’s or police authorities’ pockets. It would be perfectly possible to install a GPS based device, not dissimilar to a SatNav, in every car, telling the driver what the speed limit is for that stretch of road. The signal would automatically change when the car entered the next speed zone. Should the car be speeding (easily assessed from either a gps signal or directly from the speedometer) an alarm in the vehicle would sound, alerting the driver to the fact he is going too fast similar to the ones installed in BMW cars. The only way of silencing the alarm being to get the speed back under the speed limit. This ensures the driver’s attention is fixed on the road and it’s hazards, not constantly watching the speedometer. Attention to the actual driving is increased and therefore the roads made safer. No need for [you should have gone to] Specsavers Speksy3 and other gizmos – but I don’t see that happening because how then would the UK government milk its cash cows?

But there is still hope for the joy of driving as long as good Samaritans like Swindon councillor Peter Greenhalgh are taking the common sense approach. It is after he objected to the central Government receiving all the cash from fines while Swindon council paid £320,000 a year for the cameras’ upkeep that the Swindon Borough Council became the first to ditch the yellow boxes. Now towns all over the country are joining the rush to get rid of fixed speed cameras. Portsmouth, Walsall and Birmingham may copy Swindon in ripping out the hated cameras, and others are expected to follow suit.

jq@ultranomics.com

…..continues below……

lastly, some more down-to-earth economic dishes, served cold by tk…….

Here in the UK on Friday, the Council of Mortgage Lenders revealed that the number of properties repossessed rose by 12% to 11,300 in the third quarter of 2008. The number of borrowers in arrears went up by 8% compared with the previous quarter, to 168,000. Watch out readers, those of you with cash in your pockets and iron-clad hearts will have ever increasing casualties of the crunch to pick over in the coming months. We expect a yet larger wave of repos in the next few months, as the earliest defaulters (those who went backrupt a year ago) come to the end of their 12 month grace period which they were given if they had a wife or kids (or both). A Charles Dickens christmas is forecast across much of the country.

In the US on Thursday, Detroit car makers went up Capitol Hill to fetch a pail of money. Unfortunately they came tumbling down without a crown! Boo hoo. The silly sods went with begging cap in hand, yet when asked by congressional leaders how much they wanted and what for, they sat there scratching their heads like Stan Laurel (you remember Laurel & Hardy don’t you??). The Californian Democrat, Nancy Pelosi, who is the Speaker of the House of Representatives, said that the 3 Amigos, the bosses of General Motors, Ford Motor and Chrysler LLC have 12 days in which to come back with a viable plan of what they need and how they’re gonna spend it. Can you imagine going to see your bank manager and asking for a loan, then telling him he can give you as much as possible although you’re not sure what you want to spend it on yet. What a hoot!

As well as record levels of idiocy and farce, it seems the US is setting records daily across the board. The share price of General Motors hit $1.27, the lowest since 1938 ( a year before The Wizard of Oz). The US unemployment claims have hit 4 million – the highest since 1982 and factory output is now the lowest since 1990. Oil closed at $49.62 (the first time its been below $50 since 2003). Furthermore it seems that the cost of living in the US is falling at its fastest rate since records began in 1947. That might be much worse than it sounds. The same thing happened in Japan in the 1990s where the domino effect of dropping prices meant consumers wouldn’t buy large items since they’d be able to get them cheaper if they waited, leading to catastrophic demand slump and hence further price falls. Already in the US, retailers have begun to go out of business literally overnight. The double-edged sword of deflation might appear great for the consumer, but is in fact a guillotine to the neck of the economy. More detailed commentary on the deflation issue is promised for a future Ultraletter…..

Have a great week readers and we promise to catch up with you again soon.

tk@ultranomics.com

17th November 2008, TK (co-editor)


One thing is for sure, always expect the unexpected. For the past decade the buoyant global economy has been lulling us into a false sense of security. We started to actually believe that this time it was different. Forget the dotcom crash, real estate really could always go up in value. Heck you know what they say, “buy land, they’re not making any more of it” (personally we don’t consider Dubai’s new islands to be an exception! – see jq’s reference to Atlantis below) so with increasing populations, increasing economic migration, low unemployment etc etc how could the property market possibly crash. No, no, no – this time it really is different. That’s what most of the experts were saying.

But you know what we say, don’t you readers? Nature in the end gives you what you deserve – the Indians call it karma. Here’s the rub though – for all our technology, all our analytics, all our models, most of us never see that sucker punch coming! Or if we do see it its usually far too late. The American Subprime meltdown is of course the elephant that caught our great world leaders completely by surprise.

Now those same great leaders were found to be having a jolly back-patting get-together at our expense this weekend in Washington, where they convened the G20 summit. Did you see the pics? Mr Bush looked the most jolly of all – like the kid who made a mess in the nursery but was about to leave without having to tidy the toys back into the box.

George W. Bush at the G20 summit

Bush and the others, from both developed and developing nations promised to take “whatever further actions are necessary to stabilise the financial system” and vowed to “use fiscal measures to stimulate domestic demand to rapid effect, as appropriate to each particular country”. Whenever we hear the words, “Whatever necessary” and “use measures as appropriate” we get that feeling of being in a boat without a map. These are the guys who never noticed that elephant going berserk, who allowed our crops to be devoured and our shacks trampled in plain view of incompetent herders (the banks), who put all their trust in the zoo’s gatekeepers (the central banks) and who never bothered to understand what dangerous tricks the elephant trainers (the hedge funds and derivative dealers) were teaching to the elephant. Now these same world leaders expect us to believe that they know what they are doing and can handle the crisis that they let occur.

We will wait and see what their efforts will achieve. Yet we fear that for all the promises of co-operation and anti-protectionism policy objectives, for all the cash injections and new regulatory “colleges of supervisors”, the way this new Great Depression will play out will have precious little to do with what governments decide to implement. It will simply take its own course. The greedy will be cut down. The non competitive enterprises will be decimated. Jobs will be lost. The weak will perish. Those who didn’t save for the future will find that the future won’t save them. Those who thought that something for nothing was possible, will find their somethings have become nothing. Sure, a lot of innocents will be hurt along the way. The Great Depression will not care. Finally though, our economies and the world in general will emerge a healthier, more grounded place. New enterprises will take the place of the obsolete, and bring with them new jobs and new prosperity. Of course, our politicians will take credit for it all. Until the next Depression which probably won’t be in our lifetimes. That unfortunately means that as individuals our lessons learned may not be needed by us again, although those lessons may make us into boring penny pinching old folk. Perhaps our kids will listen to our advice – somehow though I don’t think so.

Meanwhile in TK’s living room………

I was just watching the U.K.’s PM Gordon Brown and his shadow counterpart David Cameron at each others throats on the BBC as they duelled over the current standoff about tax. After the G20 meeting at the weekend, Gordon is keen to spend his way out of recession next year by giving us in the UK lots of marvelous tax breaks.

Cameron though was having none of it, throwing back in Gordon’s face his old promises of prudence and pointing out that £15bn in cuts was tantamount to ‘fiscal incontinence’ (what a great turn of phrase). He points out that such out of control public spending risks plunging sterling even further down in the world markets. This would put off potential investors bringing their money into the UK. Also the massive increase in borrowing necessary to fund these tax cuts would inevitably lead to tax rises for future generations.

Gordon however is as keen as ever to pull the wool over our eyes. He’s been a silly boy pretending he was the maestro of finance all those years. Now its come back to bite him he won’t even answer a question straight. That’s the bit about politicians that is hardest to tolerate, we’re sure you will agree.

jq has dubai on his mind……

The Dubai Factor – Atlantis, the sequel

17th November 2008, JQ (co-editor)

I have worked for four years in the Emirates in various managerial roles from 1997 to 2001 and have had such a rich experience which in itself calls for writing a book. I was probably subconsciously impressed by a very famous 70’s comedy from Pakistan television [PTV] called Dubai Chalo; it reflected the Dubai fever throughout the Pakistani nation at the time, and in which most of them were literally taken for a ride in a boat and dropped at Karachi’s Hawks Bay after two days perilous sea voyage. [To set the record straight I flew and did reach Dubai first time].

Unfortunately Dubai is no laughing matter now, especially not for the property investors from all over the world who now stand to lose a great deal. A friend currently working in Dubai sent his woes in an email. This one line sums it up “sh*t has started to hit the fan over here in Dubai”. News is that one major Dubai property developer has begun laying off staff, and another is reviewing its recruiting needs as the available global finance becomes thin. The case in point is Emaar who is considering job cuts in the wake of the tumbling market. To keep you in perspective Emmar is the Gulf region’s largest property developer by market value, 32% owned by the Dubai government and is the developer behind the world’s tallest tower, the Burj Dubai.

Emaar shares are down nearly 80% this year to 3.19 AED a share. Realtors have now begun to identify worrying trends of rapidly declining house prices, a stagnant resale market, the inability of off-plan property investors to keep up with their payment schedules, a marked decline in hotel occupancy rates and wage and hiring freezes in property companies. To make matters worse, they have highlighted the government’s indebtedness [Yes Dubai is not as rich as you thought - it's Abu Dhabi which still has oil]. Dubai has borrowed heavily in recent years to finance all of the physical infrastructure needed to support its construction trend. So much is the fear of a Dubai Doom that the UAE President, His Highness Shaikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Al Nahyan had to reassure the people of the UAE that their economy is supported by a healthy and robust national banking system [do you believe in a healthy bank these days?! Lol and chuckle]. A royal effort indeed to save the Dubai Dream.

The Palm Jumeirah in Dubai

Still phenomenal projects are being announced in the Dubai heartland similar to existing ones such as Burj Al Arab and the Indoor Skiing Resort in the Emirates Shopping Mall, but I don’t see anyone buying these new projects. Local Urdu and Hindi channels in the UK are saturated with Dubai Exhibitions and to be honest they sound somewhat desperate. I know someone who bought property two years back in Dubailand and though on paper the value has gone up he has no buyers interested in taking it off his hands. There is virtually no resale market at all for these new apartments. Once you buy one, you are stuck with it.

There has to be a clear difference between bravery and sheer stupidity because if you jump from a skyscraper it better be a suicide attempt or you should be Lois Lane sure to be saved by Superman. The only hope for Dubai is in its cash rich Capital Abu Dhabi which can save the day (Abu Dhabi’s Sheikh Mansour recently played Clark Kent with the UK’s Barclays Bank taking the role of Lois Lane) – but the question is will they? If you ask me my money is not on Dubai, at least not for now. I don’t plan to go down with the new Atlantis.